英语翻译Cut by NumbersJohn Parsons paved the way for computer-aided manufacturing.By Dan ChoFor decades,many of the most profound human innovations have demanded an inhuman precision.From contours that reduce a car's drag to the invisibly tiny fe

英语翻译Cut by NumbersJohn Parsons paved the way for computer-aided manufacturing.By Dan ChoFor decades,many of the most profound human innovations have demanded an inhuman precision.From contours that reduce a car's drag to the invisibly tiny fe
英语翻译
Cut by Numbers
John Parsons paved the way for computer-aided manufacturing.
By Dan Cho
For decades,many of the most profound human innovations have demanded an inhuman precision.From contours that reduce a car's drag to the invisibly tiny features on a silicon chip,today's technological wonders would be impossible to fabricate using eyes and hands alone.Manufacturer John T.Parsons helped boost human production ability as a pioneer in computer-aided manufacturing.By translating machine motions into a set of numbers,Parsons taught machines to build machines.
In 1947,John Parsons headed the Parsons Corporation plant in Traverse City,MI,which produced helicopter rotors.At the time,digital computers were still gymnasium-sized affairs,but punch-card-operated electromechanical calculators were used by accountants.Parsons rented an IBM accounting machine to crunch some design parameters,since the shape of his rotor blades was defined by complicated equations.No one suspected that the machine would ultimately help Parsons produce finished parts with unprecedented accuracy and speed.
To make blade templates,workers had traditionally begun by marking 17 points that defined a template's curve-each laboriously calculated with a slide rule.They would then manually draw contours to connect the points,make a rough cutout of the shape,and file the piece down to specifications.Even with skilled workers,the process inevitably yielded errors that led to ruined templates and wasted time.
The IBM calculator,however,gave Parsons an idea.He asked employee Frank Stulen to compute 200 points along the edge of the contour,using the calculator.Parsons then had a machinist drill a hole at each of the 200 sets of coordinates.As the holes were now close enough to overlap,there was no need for additional tracing or cutting.All a machinist had to do was move the machining platform to the desired coordinates,drill a hole,move to the next coordinates,and repeat.
The technique still relied on a human to operate the machine,but Parsons envisioned the next step to automation-a motor-driven machine that was fed the numerical instructions via punch cards.Parsons took his idea to the U.S.Air Force,which granted him a contract but eventually gave control of the project to MIT.Nevertheless,today John Parsons is recognized as the father of "numerical control," and he was awarded the National Medal of Technology in 1985.

英语翻译Cut by NumbersJohn Parsons paved the way for computer-aided manufacturing.By Dan ChoFor decades,many of the most profound human innovations have demanded an inhuman precision.From contours that reduce a car's drag to the invisibly tiny fe
由数字减少
约翰教区牧师为计算机铺路了-援助了制造业.
由丹 Cho
十年,大部份最极深的人类改革已经要求残忍的精密.从在一枚矽薄片上让一个汽车的累赘变成看不见极小的特征的等高线,今天的科技惊奇会不可能制造独自地使用眼睛和手.被帮助在计算机中提高如一个先锋的人类生产能力的制造业者约翰 T.教区牧师-援助了制造业.藉由将机器运动翻译成一组数字,教区牧师教机器建立机器.
在 1947 年,约翰教区牧师在生产了直升飞机转子的横贯城市,大音阶的第三音中带领了教区牧师公司厂.在那时 ,数传计算机静止的是健身房尺寸的事件,但是打洞器-卡片操作的电机械计算者被会计员用.教区牧师租用了一部 IBM 会计机器嘎扎嘎扎的咬嚼一些设计叁数,因为他的转子刀锋的形状被复杂相等定义了.没有人猜想了机器会最后用空前的准确性和速度帮助教区牧师生产完成部份.
为了制造刀锋型板,工人藉由为定义了一个型板的曲线的 17 点作标记已经传统地开始-每个吃力地以一个计算尺计算.然后他们会用手拉等高线连接点,制造形状的一个粗糙挖剪细工,而且申请 ,块对规格 落.甚至和熟练的工人,程序不可避免产生了导致了毁灭的型板和浪费的时间的错误.
然而,IBM 计算者给予了教区牧师一个主意.他要求职员法兰克 Stulen 沿着等高线的边缘计算 200 点了,使用计算者.教区牧师然后在每一个 200 组坐标有了一个机械师训练一个洞.如洞是现在接近地足够重叠,不需要另外的追踪或切断.所有的一个机械师必须做是移动对被需要的坐标机制月台,训练一个洞,移动到下一个坐标,而且重复.
技术仍然仰赖一个人类操作机器,但是教区牧师想像了自动化的下个步骤-在经由打洞器卡片被喂数字的指导的一部马达驱动的机器.教区牧师采取了他的主意给美国空军,这允许了他一份契约但是最后把计画的控制给了麻州理工学院.然而,今天约翰教区牧师被认为 "数字的控制 ," 的父亲和他在 1985 年被颁发技术的国立奖牌.