英语翻译Trade between the two economies has continued to increase in volume,and the United States remains one of China’s major export markets.Chinese exports to the United States rose from $100 billion in 2000 to $338 billion in 2008,while impo

英语翻译Trade between the two economies has continued to increase in volume,and the United States remains one of China’s major export markets.Chinese exports to the United States rose from $100 billion in 2000 to $338 billion in 2008,while impo
英语翻译
Trade between the two economies has continued to increase in volume,and the United States remains one of China’s major export markets.Chinese exports to the United States rose from $100 billion in 2000 to $338 billion in 2008,while imports rose from $16 billion to $71 billion.Interestingly,however,the share of China’s exports going to the United States has actually declined over time,from about 22 percent in 2000 to 19 percent in 2008,roughly the same share as that of the European Union.China’s bilateral trade surplus with the United States has risen from about $84 billion in 2000 to nearly $266 billion in 2008 (about 1.9 percent of U.S.GDP).
Financial flows between the two economies have increased but have also become more lopsided over time,with bilateral foreign direct investment (FDI) flows from the United States to China declining from $5.4 billion in 2002 to less than $3 billion in 2008 (this accounts for only about 3 percent of China’s gross FDI inflows).FDI constitutes the principal category of inflows into China as many other types of private capital flows,especially portfolio equity investment,have been restricted until recently (many of these restrictions are now gradually being lifted).
In sharp contrast to declining FDI flows from the United States to China,official flows from China to the United States have surged in recent years.This largely reflects Chinese central bank purchases of U.S.Treasury bonds and,until the middle of 2008,agency bonds (including those of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac).Although precise numbers are difficult to come by,estimates based on the U.S.Treasury’s International Capital (TIC) data suggest that Chinese holdings of U.S.Treasury securities amounted to about $700 billion at the end of 2008.During 2008,about half of China’s total reserve accumulation of $400 billion went toward net purchases of U.S.Treasury bills and bonds.
What happens to the size and nature of the linkages between the U.S.and Chinese economies will depend on the depth and length of the downturn.It will also be influenced by the nature of the measures taken by these economies to pull themselves out of the slump.Above all,however,there is one issue that seems to dominate the bilateral relationship and color various aspects of their engagement,and will continue to do so in the near future.

英语翻译Trade between the two economies has continued to increase in volume,and the United States remains one of China’s major export markets.Chinese exports to the United States rose from $100 billion in 2000 to $338 billion in 2008,while impo
两个经济体之间的贸易不断增加数量,和美国仍然是中国一,星光大道的主要出口市场.对美出口1000亿美元上升到2000年的$ 338在2008亿美元,而进口从160亿美元上升到710亿美元.有趣的是,但是,中国份额,星光大道出口前往美国实际上已经下降了一段时间,大约百分之22在2008年至2000年的百分之十九,作为欧洲联盟的份额大致相同.中国,星光大道与美国的双边贸易顺差已从2000年的约84元亿近二千六百六十亿美元在2008年（约1.9个百分点,国民生产总值）.
财政两个经济体系之间的流动有所增加,但也来变得更加不平衡的双边外国直接投资（直接投资）相似,源自美国对中国declining由54亿元在2002年的不到30亿元,2008年（这占亿元的唯一约3个百分点的中国,星光大道总外国直接投资流入量）.外国直接投资占流入中国的主要类别为许多其他类型的私人资本流动,尤其是证券投资,直到最近被限制（这些限制,很多人现在逐渐被取消）.
与此形成鲜明对比的下降,外国直接投资从美国流向中国,从中国官方流入美国近年来大幅上升.这在很大程度上反映了中国对美国国债和央行购买,直到2008年中期,机构债券（包括房利美和房地美的人）.虽然确切的数字很难得到,估计根据美国财政部,星光大道国际资本（TIC）的数据显示,中国持有的美国国债总额在2008年底的约7000亿美元.2008年期间,大约有一半的中国,星光大道的4000亿美元的总储备积累了对美国国库券和债券的净购买.
会发生什么变化的规模和美国和中国之间的经济联系的性质将取决于经济衰退的深度和长度.这也将影响了这些经济体所采取的措施的性质让他们自己走出低迷.最重要的,但是,有一个问题似乎将主导双边关系和他们订婚颜色的各个方面,并会继续在不久的将来.