英语翻译At another point a great likeness is seen to English law,though not to most other laws.Roman Law seems to be built up around forms of action and conveyances.An apparatus of each,sufficient for primitive purposes,was there from the start.L

英语翻译At another point a great likeness is seen to English law,though not to most other laws.Roman Law seems to be built up around forms of action and conveyances.An apparatus of each,sufficient for primitive purposes,was there from the start.L
英语翻译
At another point a great likeness is seen to English law,though not to most other laws.Roman Law seems to be built up around forms of action and conveyances.An apparatus of each,sufficient for primitive purposes,was there from the start.Later ti was polished and made more capable of use by interpretation,and when necessary was enlarged by legislation.But from the very earliest times the law of actions had at its very center a distinction whice came late into English law and has never been accepted in all its rigor.All actions were either real or personal,the former being brought to enforce real rights,which we,according to our peculiar usage,call rights in rem,the latter to enforce personal rights,or rights in personam.With the former you could follow your property or other proprietary rights and vindicate them from anyone into whose hands they had come;with the latter youcould attack only a particular person who had come under an obligation to you,by entering into a contract with you or by committing a delict against you.The line was ssharp;there were no hybrids such as we encounter in equity.
It is not,of course,difficult to see how the distinction could come into existence.The real action represents the foolwing of property by hue and cry.Itake back my property where I find it.The personal action arises perhaps most inevitably in delict,for only the wrongdoer is liable to pay a penalty to his victim;but it also arises very simply out of a money loan.When I lend money,Ipart with the ownership in it-any other solution would make nonsense-and I can look only to the borrower for repayment,and even then only of an equivalent-unless indeed,as would be most likely,I took first a hostage and later a surety.But it is worth our while to see how at a later date the Romons may have rationalized their position to themselves.Suppose Itry to use a real action to recover the sum which is the object of a money olan.It is not very easy to imagine such a proceeding;but if it is to mean anything,I must be able to sue anyone I like for the money.If so,Ishall immobilize society,for every individyal must take full responsibility for everyone else,and so must in his own interests control everyone else’acts.This is not at all an impossible position.One may easily imagine,and no doubt find,societies in which the risks of enterprise appear so much more prominent than the possible benefits to be derived from it that credit remains rudimentary,or perhaps never comes into existence.Even in the modern world we do not operate without security,and it has taken centuries to develop even the imperfect reconciliation of security and freedom of movement that we enjoy today.The Romans only started it and by very slow stages,but they did at least grasp the problem at a very early date.

英语翻译At another point a great likeness is seen to English law,though not to most other laws.Roman Law seems to be built up around forms of action and conveyances.An apparatus of each,sufficient for primitive purposes,was there from the start.L
在另一点非常像被视为英国法律,但对大多数其他laws.Roman法似乎是围绕形式的行动和conveyances.An装置的每一个,足够的原始目的,是有从start.Later钛是抛光,使之更具可使用的解释,并在必要时扩大了legislation.But从最早的时候非常的法律的行动已在其非常中心的区别whice较晚成英文的法律,也从未被接受的所有其行动被rigor.All不动产或个人,前被带到实际执行的权利,我们根据我们的特殊用法,呼吁物权,后者实施的个人权利,或权利personam.With前你可以按照你的知识产权或其他专有权利和维护他们任何人都到谁的手中,他们已经到来;后者youcould攻击只有特定的人谁已经到来有义务给你,通过订立合同与您或犯有违法行为对you.The线ssharp ;没有杂种如我们遇到权益.
这当然不是,很难看到的区别,可以进入existence.The实际行动代表foolwing财产的色调和cry.Itake回我的财产我觉得it.The个人行动产生的或许是最不可避免的违法行为,只有不法行为须缴付罚款,以他的受害者,但它也产生了非常简单的金钱loan.When我借钱, Ipart与它的所有权,任何其他的解决方案将使胡说八道,我可以只看对借款人的还款,即使在那时只有一个等效除非事实上,将是最有可能的,我第一次和一名人质后, surety.But这是值得我们来看看在稍后的日期可能在Romons合理化自己的立场,以themselves.Suppose Itry使用一个真正的行动,收回的款项,是对象的钱olan.It不是很容易想象这样一个程序;但如果它是什么意思,我必须能够提起我喜欢的money.If如此, Ishall固定的社会,每individyal必须承担全部责任的其他人,因此就必须在自己的利益控制人人else'acts .这不是一个不可能在所有可能position.One很容易想象,毫无疑问发现,社会中的风险,出现如此多的企业更加突出的可能比好处认为信贷仍然是初步的,或者从未进入existence.Even在现代世界,我们不经营没有安全,并采取了百年发展的不完善甚至和解的安全和行动自由,我们享受today.The罗马才开始,并通过非常缓慢的阶段,但他们至少掌握的问题在很早的日期.