英语翻译Only limited related study can be found in theliterature.Chille et al.(1998) investigated thedynamic response of underground electric plantsubject to internal explosive loading using threedimensionalnumerical method.Coupled fluid–solidi

英语翻译Only limited related study can be found in theliterature.Chille et al.(1998) investigated thedynamic response of underground electric plantsubject to internal explosive loading using threedimensionalnumerical method.Coupled fluid–solidi
英语翻译
Only limited related study can be found in the
literature.Chille et al.(1998) investigated the
dynamic response of underground electric plant
subject to internal explosive loading using threedimensional
numerical method.Coupled fluid–solid
interaction was considered in their study; however,
the nonlinearity and failure of rock and concrete as
well as the interaction between different solid media
were not simulated.For traffic tunnels,Choi et al.
(2006) used three-dimensional Finite Element
method to study the blast pressure and resulted
deformation in concrete lining.They found,through
analysis of coupled fluid–solid interaction,that the
blast pressure on tunnel lining was not the same as
the CONWEP normally reflected pressure (Department
of the Army,the Navy,and the Air Force 1990).
The subjects of these two studies were both underground
structures in rock mass,which are more
resistant to internal blast loading than subway
structures in soils.Lu et al.(2005) and Gui and
Chien (2006),using Finite Element method,looked
into the blast-resistance of tunnels in soft soil subject
to external explosive loadings.There exist very few
numerical studies investigating the dynamic and
nonlinear response of subway structures subject to
internal blast loading.
In this study,three-dimensional Finite Element
program ABAQUS (Abaqus Inc 2004) was used to
analyze the dynamic response and damage of subway
structures in different ground media.The elastoplasticity
of ground media,possible damage of lining
material and nonlinear interaction between lining and
ground were taken into account in the numerical
models.The numerical study was based on the subway
system in New York City,considering its importance
as well as its high risk of terrorist attack.At this stage,
the coupled fluid–solid interaction of internal explosion
in underground tunnels was not considered.
Instead,the normally reflected pressure diagram
assuming rigid solid surface,hereafter referred to as
CONWEP reflected pressure,which was proposed by
the Department of the Army,the Navy,and the Air
Forces (1990),was used.The pressure was applied to
the subway structure as impulse loading at appropriate
location.The effects of incident angle on reflected
pressure (Department of the Army,the Navy,and the
Air Forces 1990; Smith and Hetherington 1994) were
considered to obtain the impulse pressures at other
locations.The possible effects of pressure reflection
and superposition were also discussed.

英语翻译Only limited related study can be found in theliterature.Chille et al.(1998) investigated thedynamic response of underground electric plantsubject to internal explosive loading using threedimensionalnumerical method.Coupled fluid–solidi
相关的研究文献十分有限.chille等1998）使用三维数值计算方法研究了地下电厂的动态响应
内部爆炸载荷.他们的研究提及了流固耦合的相互作用,但是,岩石和混凝土的非线性和失败
以及不同的固体介质之间的相互作用不是模拟.Choi et al等人（2006）关于交通隧道,采用三维有限元的方法来研究爆炸压力,并导致混凝土衬砌变形.他们发现,通过分析流固耦合相互作用,隧道衬砌的爆破压力是不一样的.通常反映CONWEP压力（部陆军,海军和空军199年）.
这两项研究的受试者均为地下岩体结构,这是更耐内部爆炸载荷比地铁在土壤中的结构.Lu等人.（2005）桂和简（2006年）,采用有限元法,看着进入抗爆隧道在软土受外部爆炸载荷.存在极少数数值研究动态和地铁结构的非线性响应内部高炉加载.在这项研究中,三维有限元
程序ABAQUS（2004年ABAQUS公司）分析的动态响应和破坏地铁在不同的地面媒体的结构塑性地面媒体,可能造成的损坏衬里材料和衬里之间的非线性相互作用考虑地面的数值型号.根据地铁的数值研究在纽约市的系统,考虑到它的重要性以及其恐怖袭击的高风险.在这个阶段,
流固耦合内部爆炸的互动在地下隧道不予考虑.相反,通常的反射压力图假设刚性固体表面,以下简称CONWEP反映的压力,这是所提出陆军部,海军和空军部队（1990年）,被使用力被施加到在适当的脉冲负载的地铁结构的位置.入射角的反射的影响压力（陆军部,海军和空军1990年史密斯和赫瑟林顿1994）位置.反射的压力可能造成的影响和叠加进行了讨论.