动词不定式作定语用法

动词不定式作定语用法
动词不定式作定语用法

动词不定式作定语用法
不定式作定语的用法
不定式及其短语作定语,与其他短语作定语一样,一般都放在被修饰的词之后,通常表示一个将来的动作,有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作.
一些名词后常用不定式作定语,如：chance(机会）,way(方法）,time(时间）等；另外,the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词,它们或它们所修饰的代词后,也常用不定式作定语.
不定式作定语时,不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂,有的是主谓关系；有的是动宾关系；有的是动状关系,还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系.
1、主谓关系的
（1）We must find a person to do the work.
(2) There is no one to take care of her.
(3) In my family,my mother is always the first one to get up.
(4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
(5) We need someone to go and get a doctor.
2、动宾关系的
如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系,不定式里的动词必须是及物动词.注意：是及物动词的,后面不要再加宾语,因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语；是不及物动词的,要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词,只有这样,它才能带上前面的宾语.
（1） He has a lot of books to read.
(2) I would like a magazine to look at.
(3) Here is some advice for you to follow.
(4) Do you have anything else to say?
(5) There is no one to take care of.
(6) She has nothing to worry about.
3、动状关系的
被修饰词如果是不定式里动词的状语,应多用介词短语.由于被修饰词前没有介词,所以只能在不定式里的动词后加介词.
（1）Please give me some paper to write on.
(2) Let"s find a room to put these things in
(3） I have no house to live in.
(4) He has no pen to write with.
(5) There are five pairs to choose from.
4、不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的
被修饰词与不定式里的动词不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的,被修饰词多是些抽象名词.
（1）I have no time to go to the movie.
（2）There"s no need to send for a doctor.
(3) Where"s the best place to meet?
(4) Is that the way to do it?
(5） I"m not sure about his ability to complete the task alone.

动词不定式在句中起着名词、形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它成份。高考侧重考查其作宾语、定语、目的状语、表语的功能以及不带to的用法。

一、不定式的宾语功能

hope, wish, expect, pretend, plan, decide, seem等动词后需接不定式作宾语。

例:She pretended ___...

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动词不定式在句中起着名词、形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它成份。高考侧重考查其作宾语、定语、目的状语、表语的功能以及不带to的用法。

一、不定式的宾语功能

hope, wish, expect, pretend, plan, decide, seem等动词后需接不定式作宾语。

例:She pretended ______ me when I passed by.(MET’89)

A.not to see B. not seeing

C. to not see D. having not seen

解析:pretend后应接不定式作宾语,其否定式是“not to do”,故选A。

二、不定式的定语功能

不定式作定语,被其修饰的名词为不定式所表动作的逻辑主语、逻辑宾语等。

例1:There are five pairs ______, but I’m at a loss which to buy.

(上海1999)

A. to be chosen B. to choose from

C. to choose D. for choosing

解析:从语境可知,该空作定语修饰five pairs,且five pairs为该空所表动作的逻辑宾语,所以应填不定式to choose from作定语,表示“从……中挑选”,故选B。

例2:It seems that he has no pen ______.

(北京 2003 春)

A. to write B. to write with

C. writing D. writing with

解析:从语境可知该空作定语修饰pen,故选B。

三、不定式的目的状语功能

不定式常作目的状语,同时它可用于一些固定搭配来作目的状语,如 in order (not ) to do,so as (not) to do。

例1:-Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?

-______ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.

(上海1999)
A. Get B. Getting

C. To get D. To be getting

解析:从语境可知,每天吃一只鸡蛋的目的是给你提供更多的蛋白质和营养,所以应用不定式作目的状语,故选C。

例2:In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ______ their products more competitive.

(上海 2002)


A. to make B. making

C. to have make D. having make

解析:从语境可知,许多国营公司正在努力的目的是使他们的产品更具竞争性,所以应用不定式作目的状语,故选A。

四、不定式的表语功能

不定式和-ing形式一样可作表语,说明主语的内容。

例: The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult. (NMET’99)

A. not make B. not to make

C. not making D. do not make

解析:本题句意是“应用新技术的目的是使生活变得更安逸,而非更困难”。通常两个以上不定式并列时,后者的to常省掉;但是如果表示对比或对照关系时,后者的to不可以省掉,故选B。

五、不定式的综合考点

高考对不定式的考查并不仅限于考查一般形式,而更多的是考查它的进行式、完成式、被动式、完成被动式等较复杂的结构。

例1:Hurry up, he is sure ______ for us.(NMET’ 95)

A. to wait B. to be waiting

C. waiting D. being waited

解析: be sure 后应接不定式。根据句意,现在之所以应快点走是因为他正在等我们,所以应用不定式的进行式,故选B。

例2:Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET 2002)

A. to see B. to be seen

C. seeing D. seen

解析:从语境可知,该题第二个分句要表达“他们是否喜欢(去国外旅行),(人们)还不知道”这一意思,故选B。

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一般情况下不定式作定语时，和它所修饰的词有动宾关系，如：
I have lots to do. (to do lots)
There are lots of things to do.(to do lots of things)
I want to get something to read.(to read something)
如果这个不定式是不及物动词，它后...

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一般情况下不定式作定语时，和它所修饰的词有动宾关系，如：
I have lots to do. (to do lots)
There are lots of things to do.(to do lots of things)
I want to get something to read.(to read something)
如果这个不定式是不及物动词，它后面一般有相应的介词，如：
The old man needs a room to live in.(to live in a room)

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